When Babur was conquering more territory in India, one of his formidable opponents was the Rajput king Rana Sangha of Mewar. The news of the defeat of one of his battalions by Rana Sangha was accompanied by a soothsayer’s prediction of disaster and the desertion of the Indian mercenaries. Babur’s soldiers were thoroughly demoralised. A new strategy was required. Thus came in religion. “This is not just a war for territory,” declared the divinely inspired Babur. “This is a jihad against infidels.” With no other weapon than a few words, Babur converted a greedy and violent war into a holy jihad. “Cowardice became apostasy while death assumed the welcome guise of martyrdom,” writes John Keay in his book, India: A History . Keay goes on to quote from Babur-nama (Babur’s personal memoir-cum-diary), “The plan was perfect, it worked admirably...” His soldiers took an oath on the Quran to fight till they fell. What’s more, Babur enacted certain religious rituals too: abjuring al
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