The last quarter of the 20 th century witnessed the emergence of the systems perspective in contrast to the reductionist approach that was followed earlier. The reductionist approach viewed phenomena by their parts and treated them as such. For example, if you have a headache you kill the pain with an Anacin ignoring the harms done to the body by the drug. In the systems perspective, you look at the whole rather than the parts. You use available knowledge and technology to find out the root cause of the headache and make the whole system healthy. Any system such as the human body or a society is not just the sum of its parts. A system is a complex and inter-related network of interacting components. Relationships among the components are of vital importance in any system. India is not just a sum of its states and union territories (Gujarata-Maratha-Dravida-Utkala) or a sum of the various religious communities (Hindu-Muslim-Sikh-Isai). Any nation is much mor
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