Skip to main content

Wuthering Heights



Wuthering Heights is so full of violent passions that it is hard to imagine a nineteenth-century young woman as its author. Emily Bronte died in 1848 at the age of 30. She was a shy and reclusive woman without any friends. Yet she created two of the most ruthlessly passionate characters in the whole literature ever: Heathcliff and Catherine.

Wuthering Heights is a novel with a difference and should be read just for that one reason alone. Literary critic Elizabeth Drew describes Catherine and Heathcliff as “creatures of the wild moorland existence beside which conventional standards are meaningless.” Their untameable passion spills out of the book darkening the entire moorland of their existence.

Catherine is the daughter of Earnshaw, a squire in the eighteenth-century Yorkshire. Earnshaw has a son too: Hindley. Heathcliff comes into the family as a foundling and supplants Hindley in the affections of both the bland squire and his energetic daughter. The squire does not live long enough to mould the characters of these children who grow up in the wild landscape of Wuthering Heights.

There is no love lost between Hindley and Heathcliff. Though Catherine loves Heathcliff, she marries Edgar of Thrushcross Grange keeping her social status in mind. Thrushcross Grange is down in the valley and is the antithesis of the violently passionate hill of Wuthering Heights. Both Edgar and his sister Isabella are far too refined to survive in the proximity of the ruthlessness that thrives in Wuthering Heights. Marriages destroy all the weaker characters in this menagerie.

Isabella marries Heathcliff out of a silly romantic attachment and she is ruined by his incapacity for any refinement. Far from appreciating the tenderness of Isabella, Heathcliff holds her in utter contempt. He married her for the sake of her family wealth as well as for taking revenge on her family. Hindley is ruined by Heathcliff’s sinister designs. Heathcliff’s marriage shocks and disappoints Catherine though she is married to Edgar. She dies giving birth to the younger Catherine. Her death drives Heathcliff crazy and Isabella leaves him though they have a son, Linton, who will in the course of time marry Catherine the younger. That marriage won’t last long as Linton does not live long. Edgar is driven to death with Heathcliff’s copious assistance.

Sixteen years after Catherine’s death, her ghost presents itself to a visitor who was put up for the night in her room in Wuthering Heights. Coming to know about Catherine’s ghost, Heathcliff becomes restless to join her. “I am within sight of my heaven,” he declares. He pines for his beloved’s ghost. He wastes himself. Nelly, the maid who knew him from his childhood, advises him to repent his countless sins and transgressions. “I’ve done no injustice,” he replies, “and I repent of nothing – I’m too happy, and yet I’m not happy enough. My soul’s bliss kills my body, but does not satisfy itself.”

Heathcliff will leave the dark and mysterious Wuthering Heights to meet his otherworldly love through death. The moorland and its mansion as well as the valley of Thrushcross Grange are now left to Hareton (Hindley’s son) and Catherine the younger. They are very different from the harsh, ruthless, wild and violent people who have all passed into memory now. The long storm that ravaged the moors for decades has abated. Can the calm now prevail?

Emily Bronte does not seem interested in the calm. Wuthering Heights is about the storm, the dark passions that drive particularly Heathcliff and Catherine. Both these characters are narcissists and both perceive each other as counterparts. Catherine says, for example, that Heathcliff is “more myself than I am. Whatever our souls are made of, his and mine are the same; and Linton’s is as different as a moonbeam from lightning, or frost from fire.” Heathcliff and Catherine are the lightning and the fire. The novel is full of that untameable energy which refuses to go down with the death of these protagonists. Their ghosts haunt the moorland of Wuthering Heights terrifying the simple folk surviving on the hill.

Heathcliff and Catherine are drawn to each other throughout their life, right from childhood. They love each other with an immeasurable intensity, if that can indeed be called love. Yet there is no sexual intimacy between them, not even a longing for that. But when Heathcliff is told by a visitor to Wuthering Heights about the appearance of Catherine’s ghost sixteen years after her death, he is driven mad enough to wrench open the lattice and sob hysterically, “Come in! come in! Cathy, do come. Oh… my heart’s darling!”

What kind of love was it that grew between Heathcliff and Catherine if they were never sexually drawn to each other? This is precisely what makes Bronte’s novel immensely fascinating and at the same time different from other novels in good literature. Catherine once told Nelly the maid that even if she were in heaven she wouldn’t be happy because she belonged essentially to the wild landscapes of the Wuthering Heights. These landscapes pervade the very marrow of our bones with their creepy verve and pristine savagery (if savagery can be pristine) and linger on long after we have read the last line of the novel.


PS. This is part of a series being written for the #BlogchatterA2Z Challenge. The previous parts are:
14. No Exit
17. Quixote
18. The Rebel
Tomorrow: X, Malcolm

For those who are interested, my memoir, Autumn Shadows is available at Amazon as eBook. Click here for a copy.


Comments

  1. I had read this classic a very long time ago. I am so inclined to read it again now. Thank you for refreshing the memories and the story and the details around the book so well.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. My pleasure. This is a book that can haunt more than Dracula.

      Delete
  2. I love how you describe the essence in all of the books you've read. I feel like there are several things we may miss out on when reading that you highlight here. Heathcliff's character is exceptional. I think in the entire book, the only sensible character was Nelly the maid. She was the only one who could understand and face Heathcliff. The characters and the chaos in this book left me in awe. One hell of a story.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. "One hell of a story" is just the apt assessment.

      Delete
  3. I could never get enough of Wuthering Heights. Read it several times during college. The all consuming passion of the two is hard to overcome.

    ReplyDelete
  4. This is one of the books I read when i was beginning to take an interest in English classics. The melancholic tone still haunts.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. The landscape too, it remains somewhere in the recess of our consciousness long after we put down the novel.

      Delete
  5. I read Wuthering Heights in school and honestly, except the fact that it introduced me to another 'great' literary fiction, I found no reason to re-read or recommend it. I understand it was written long back but both the characters are so messed up in their minds that in this age, somebody would have recommended them to get psychological help.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Ha ha ha. True Sonia, today such characters won't exist in the first place and if they do they would end up in the loony bin. But then, characters always belong to particular landscapes and time-spans. Even in classics.

      Delete
  6. Written 170 years ago, yet the writing is much better than writers of today. How were they so talented without technology? Maybe technology has taken away our talent..

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Technology did (does) have a negative impact on our creativity and imagination. Today truth is more bizarre than fiction and so fiction has gone weird. Just see the kind of fiction written today. Rushdie's Quichotte, for instance. Or Zachariah's Secret History of Compassion and Arundhati Roy's Ministry of Utmost Happiness.

      Delete
  7. I never came to like Heathcliff. I am rather a fan of the poems written by Emily Bronte. Nevertheless, Wuthering Heights is a timeless classic.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Of course, it's almost impossible to like Heathcliff. I don't think anyone will like him really except Cathy of the novel.

      Delete
  8. I’m glad we have the same book recommendation today!
    Noor Anand Chawla

    ReplyDelete
  9. The shadows of the landscape spreading surreptitiously while storms gather its might....passions bubbling in the core of those dark clouds yet moments get stupefied in eternal suspense....Bronte started fascinating me long before I had my English major in my University...she had different ways of appreciation of senses and sensibilities in the era....rather much ahead of the era, like a few of the other legendary post-medieval authors in Europe...but, what I found interesting here is how poetically you have portrayed the flow of the emotions, neither overflowing nor fading in its prime, while analyzing one of the marvels of Bronte, rather English literature...it inspires my soul to take the arrow of the suppressed agony once more ....regards

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Thank you, friend, for adding charm and grace to my humble effort.

      Delete
  10. I am reading this one right now. the beginning had failed to hook me. But going by what it has in store ahead, as narrated by you, I am inclined to reading it at better speed.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Yes, the beginning doesn't fascinate. The narrative structure is a bit confusing too.

      Delete

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

The Adventures of Toto as a comic strip

  'The Adventures of Toto' is an amusing story by Ruskin Bond. It is prescribed as a lesson in CBSE's English course for class 9. Maggie asked her students to do a project on some of the lessons and Femi George's work is what I would like to present here. Femi converted the story into a beautiful comic strip. Her work will speak for itself and let me present it below.  Femi George Student of Carmel Public School, Vazhakulam, Kerala Similar post: The Little Girl

Do I Dare?

Alfred Prufrock was sitting in a dimly lit café when a young boy, who was yet to reach adolescence, walked in. The boy looked as inquisitive as Prufrock looked flurried. ‘Hello,’ the boy said. ‘You look so… lonely. And sad too.’ ‘Sad? No, not sad. Just… contemplating. I am, as they say, measuring out my life with coffee spoons.’ ‘Aw! That’s strange. On my planet, I measure things by sunsets. I love sunsets. How can you measure life with something so small as a coffee spoon?’ ‘Did you say “my planet”?’ ‘Well, yes. I come from another planet. I’ve been travelling for quite some time, you know. Went to numerous planets and asteroids and met many strange creatures. Quite a lot of them are cranky.’ The boy laughed gently, almost like an adult. Prufrock looked at the boy with some scepticism and suspicion. He was already having too many worries of his own like whether he should part his hair in the middle and roll up the bottoms of his trousers. ‘They call me Little Prince,’

Why Live?

More than 700,000 people choose to commit suicide every year in the world. That is, nearly 2000 individuals end their lives every day and suicide is the leading cause of death in the age group of 15 to 29. 10 Sep is the World Suicide Prevention Day . Let me join fellow bloggers Manali and Sukaina in their endeavour to draw more people’s attention to the value of life. One of the most persuasive essays on why we should not choose death voluntarily in spite of the ordeals and absurdities of life is The Myth of Sisyphus by Albert Camus. Camus’s basic premise is that life is absurd. It has no meaning other than what you give to it. The universe is indifferent to you, if not hostile. The confrontation between the human need for clarity and the chaotic irrationality of the world can lead to existential despair. Suicide is not the answer to that despair, however. Camus looks for a philosophical answer in his essay. Not many people find consolation in philosophy. Most people seek a

Ashwatthama is still alive

Fiction Image from Pinterest “I met Ashwatthama.” When Doctor Prabhakar told me this, I thought he was talking figuratively. Metaphors were his weaknesses. “The real virus is in the human heart, Jai,” he had told me when the pandemic named Covid-19 started holding the country hostage. I thought his Ashwatthama was similarly figurative. Ashwatthama was Dronacharya’s son in the Mahabharata. He was blessed with immortality by Shiva. But the blessing became a horrible curse when Krishna punished him for killing the Pandava kids deceptively after Kurukshetra was brought to peace, however fragile that peace was, using all the frauds that a god could possibly use. Krishna of the Kurukshetra was no less a fraud than a run-of-the-mill politician in my imagination. He could get an innocent elephant named Ashwatthama killed and then convert that killing into a blatant lie to demoralise Drona. He could ask Bhima to hit Duryodhana below the belt without feeling any moral qualms in what

Live Life Fully

Alexis Zorba, the protagonist of Nikos Kazantzakis’s novel Zorba the Greek , lives life to its fullness. He embraces human experience with his whole heart. He is not interested in rational explanations and intellectual isms. His philosophy, if you can call it that at all, is earthy, spontaneous and passionate. He loves life passionately. He celebrates it. Happiness is a simple affair for him. “I felt once more how simple and frugal a thing happiness is,” he tells us. “A glass of wine, a roast chestnut, a wretched little brazier, the sound of the sea. Nothing else.” You don’t need a lot of things to be happy. Your possessions don’t bring you happiness. All that money you spent on your big house, big car, big everything… It helps to show off. But happiness? No way, happiness doesn’t come that way at all. Zorba loves to play his musical instrument, santouri. He loves to sing. To dance. But don’t get me wrong. He works too. He works hard. There’s no fullness of life without that hard w