Skip to main content

Sacred Sins

 


Book

Title: Sacred Sins: Devadasis in Contemporary India

Author: Arun Ezhuthachan

Translator: Meera Gopinath

Publisher: Hatchette India, 2023

Pages: 239

India has never been magnanimous to women. Ancient India was quite brutal in the treatment of women with such practices as sati and devadasi. If a woman was unfortunate to outlive her husband, she had to immolate herself on her man’s funeral pyre. The men who made that rule made sure that the rule, like many others of the kind, had divine sanction. The husband’s death when the wife is still alive indicates the sins of the woman’s vagina. The punishment decreed by the gods is the woman’s death. After her death, she will be made a goddess!

Adolescent girls were dedicated to temples in the name of devadasis, maids of gods. These girls were expected to live their life worshipping goddess Durga in her various avatars though it could be any other deity as well. In reality, however, these girls were exploited sexually by upper caste men. The girls came from impoverished low caste families that couldn’t afford to care for girls whose marriages would be expensive affairs.

The inhuman practice of sati was abolished in 1829 by the British government in India. The Devadasi system was abolished in independent India. Many other evil practices such as the caste system were also abolished, but quite many of them continue to be in practice. Even the devadasi system didn’t end altogether with the abolition.

The Supreme Court of India passed an order on 12 Feb 2016 asking the Karnataka government to ensure that not a single girl was made a devadasi on the full moon night of the month of Magha, as it used to be done hitherto. The order was motivated by a feature that had been published in the Sunday magazine of the Malayala Manorama newspaper on 2 Feb 2014. That feature, titled What have we done to be made devadasis?, was written by Arun Ezhuthachan, a Manorama reporter.

Ezhuthachan’s interest in Mangaluru’s dance bars, particularly the girls who danced there, was aroused by the abolition of dance bars there in 2008. What did these female dancers do once the bars were shut down? They turned to prostitution, as Ezhuthachan discovered soon. What struck him more is the fact that Divya, the sex worker he made an appointment with, had started her ‘career’ as a devadasi.

Are there devadasis still in India? Ezhuthachan’s investigations threw up many surprises. The pilgrimage town of Uchangi in Karnataka initiated adolescent girls as devadasis every year on the full moon in the month of Magha. It was illegal since Karnataka had banned the devadasi system in 1982. “Bans exist only on paper,” as a local man instructs Ezhuthachan. “Can the government prohibit divine customs?” 

Powerful men decide which custom is divine and which diabolic, according to their choice and convenience. The devadasi system served the purpose of these upper caste men whose lust required satiation all too frequently. The devadasi system, in other words, was prostitution with divine sanction.

Ezhuthachan continued his investigations. This book being reviewed here is a product of his enquiries. Originally written in Malayalam, this book won the Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award in 2019. It was translated into English in 2023 by Meera Gopinath. Both Ezhuthachan and his translator have done a remarkable job.

The devadasi system is not practised anymore in most parts of India. But Ezhuthachan’s researches take him to the notorious red-light areas of India such as Sonagachi in Kolkata and Kamathipura in Mumbai. The very size of Sonagachi’s sex market will astound us: 12,118 sex workers offer their services in 1083 buildings! Most of these women were abandoned by their families either as children dedicated to temple service or as young widows.

There are also other places such as Vrindavan in Mathura (Uttar Pradesh) and Puri in Odisha where the women have better fates. They are not sexually exploited, not apparently at least. This book takes us also to a few other places where sex and spirituality and sheer commerce mingle seamlessly.

Poverty is the main cause of such evils. The caste system ensures that the low caste people remain inescapably poor. The entire system is made in such a way that the upper caste men [men, I repeat] are the ultimate beneficiaries. Even little girls who haven’t attained puberty are at the mercy of these powerful men who pretend to have divine authority to do whatever they wish.

India claims to be doing a lot for the empowerment of women. In spite of all the hullaballoo and deafening slogans, child marriages are taking place in many states where the present ruling party has much influence. If they can’t be made devadasis, they will be made child-brides. One way or the other, the girl has to be got rid of as early as possible. Empowerment remains in catchy jingles and beautiful billboards.

A lot of human suffering, especially female suffering, remains unseen and untold, as the book concludes. India has a long way to go in spite of all the noise she has been making in the last ten years.

Comments

  1. Great article sir! Only if the government could eradicate poverty, there would be a decrease in such things. It is indeed saddening to hear that such practices and red-light areas still remain in our country.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Poverty is a very profitable industry for the government and the corporates. That's why it will always be there with us.

      Delete
  2. Hari Om
    As ever, you are on the nailhead with your observation...YAM xx

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. I'm thrilled you find time to read me in spite of your schedule.

      Delete
  3. Life is difficult in India more so if your are a woman and from a low caste and from a minority. It's the pits. You are left plumbing the depths of inhumanity.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Unfortunately Indians are being hoodwinked by too many slogans.

      Delete
  4. I am horrified. You'd think such practices would have been done away with years ago, but no. The powerful like to keep the poor and weak down if they possibly can.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Power is always about exploitation, I think. Those who love power also love to see people as subjects.

      Delete
  5. This is a very powerful book that should be adapted for movies to wake up millions. I wish divinity should never become a source of threat. A fair complexion invites such troubles for the most part, I think. A Godman entered one such girl's life. He appreciated her intelligence at a young age of 12 years.Then started paying special attention to her spiritual growth. At one point of time, he spoke about his dream which premonitioned the said girl (then 17) being kidnapped, gangraped and slaughtered and thrown to vultures near a sea shore! That's was that. She was not allowed to stir out of her house for three months, home-prisoned till the bad time lapsed. Later, the godman showed the family a picture of several girls nabbed on the charges of being sex workers. He spotted one of them and claimed that it is none other than the said girl. The family anyway had complete faith in this girl and vehemently opposed this charge and left him alive only because of his proven records of being a God man. After several years, it transpired that this elderly man wanted to marry the nubile girl as she would make a perfect companion for him in his spiritual journey!!!

    ReplyDelete
  6. At another point of time, the same girl proved herself to be a good sadak or a meditator of real worth. Instantly, a woman advises the girl's father to dedicate this girl for spiritual services and not arrange for her marriage. Somehow the father was clear and retaliated the suggestion by asking her if she would entertain such a plan for her own daughter. When are people going to wake up from this slumber called blind faith? Can't a girl marry and pursue spirituality?

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. There's still a lot of exploitation of girls in India in the name of religion, especially by godmen and others of the sort. Our politicians are in cahoots with the whole system.

      The example you mention is not singular. I know of similar incidents that happened in Kerala too.

      Delete

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

The Adventures of Toto as a comic strip

  'The Adventures of Toto' is an amusing story by Ruskin Bond. It is prescribed as a lesson in CBSE's English course for class 9. Maggie asked her students to do a project on some of the lessons and Femi George's work is what I would like to present here. Femi converted the story into a beautiful comic strip. Her work will speak for itself and let me present it below.  Femi George Student of Carmel Public School, Vazhakulam, Kerala Similar post: The Little Girl

The Little Girl

The Little Girl is a short story by Katherine Mansfield given in the class 9 English course of NCERT. Maggie gave an assignment to her students based on the story and one of her students, Athena Baby Sabu, presented a brilliant job. She converted the story into a delightful comic strip. Mansfield tells the story of Kezia who is the eponymous little girl. Kezia is scared of her father who wields a lot of control on the entire family. She is punished severely for an unwitting mistake which makes her even more scared of her father. Her grandmother is fond of her and is her emotional succour. The grandmother is away from home one day with Kezia's mother who is hospitalised. Kezia gets her usual nightmare and is terrified. There is no one at home to console her except her father from whom she does not expect any consolation. But the father rises to the occasion and lets the little girl sleep beside him that night. She rests her head on her father's chest and can feel his heart...

War and Meaning of Victory

In the summer of 1999, while the rest of India was soaked in monsoon and Cricket World Cup, the country’s soldiers were clawing up frozen cliffs daring the bullets that came shooting from above. India’s incorrigible neighbour had sent its soldiers and militants to capture the snow-covered peaks of Kargil. It was an act of deception, a capture of India’s land stealthily. The terrain was harsh and hostile, testing the limits of human courage with every jagged step. The Kargil War was not just against a human enemy, but against peaks of stones and snow where the air itself was an adversary. Three months of bitter conflict and subhuman killing ended in India’s victory over the invading Pakistan. Victory! July 26 is celebrated ever after as Kargil Vijay Diwas by India. What is victory, however? Philosophically, I mean. We are supposed to be rational (philosophical) creatures, after all. “ W ar does not determine who is right,” Bertrand Russell said famously, “but who is left.” Every...

Stories from the North-East

Book Review Title: Lapbah: Stories from the North-East (2 volumes) Editors: Kynpham Sing Nongkynrih & Rimi Nath Publisher: Penguin Random House India 2025 Pages: 366 + 358   Nestled among the eastern Himalayas and some breathtakingly charming valleys, the Northeastern region of India is home to hundreds of indigenous communities, each with distinct traditions, attire, music, and festivals. Languages spoken range from Tibeto-Burman and Austroasiatic tongues to Indo-Aryan dialects, reflecting centuries of migration and interaction. Tribal matrilineal societies thrive in Meghalaya, while Nagaland and Mizoram showcase rich Christian tribal traditions. Manipur is famed for classical dance and martial arts, and Tripura and Arunachal Pradesh add further layers of ethnic plurality and ecological richness. Sikkim blends Buddhist heritage with mountainous serenity, and Assam is known for its tea gardens and vibrant Vaishnavite culture. Collectively, the Northeast is a uni...

The RSS and Paradoxes

The oldest racist organisation in the world is all set to celebrate the centenary of its existence. The Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) was founded in 1925 with the specific goal of unifying the Hindus in India under a religious and cultural banner. The Indian Independence struggle that was going on in full force at that time was no concern of the RSS. Though it gave the liberty to its individual members to take part in the struggle, the organisation’s official policy was to stay clear of it altogether. That was only one of the many paradoxical ironies that marked the RSS which was a nationalist organisation that cared little for the Independence of the nation. Today, the Prime Minister of India is a man who was trained and nurtured by the RSS. Shashi Tharoor wrote a massive book on the paradoxes that underscore the personality of Mr Narendra Modi. The RSS and paradoxes go hand in hand, if we take Modi as a specimen of the organisation’s great achievements. Tharoor’s final asses...